Basal cold but not heat tolerance constrains plasticity among Drosophila species (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
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Author list: Nyamukondiwa C, Terblanche JS, Marshall KE, Sinclair BJ
Publisher: Wiley
Place: HOBOKEN
Publication year: 2011
Journal: Journal of Evolutionary Biology (1010-061X)
Journal acronym: J EVOLUTION BIOL
Volume number: 24
Issue number: 9
Start page: 1927
End page: 1938
Number of pages: 12
ISSN: 1010-061X
eISSN: 1420-9101
Languages: English-Great Britain (EN-GB)
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Abstract
Thermal tolerance and its plasticity are important for understanding ectotherm responses to climate change. However, it is unclear whether plasticity is traded-off at the expense of basal thermal tolerance and whether plasticity is subject to phylogenetic constraints. Here, we investigated associations between basal thermal tolerance and acute plasticity thereof in laboratory-reared adult males of eighteen Drosophila species at low and high temperatures. We determined the high and low temperatures where 90% of flies are killed (ULT90 and LLT90, respectively) and also the magnitude of plasticity of acute thermal pretreatments (i.e. rapid cold-and heat-hardening) using a standardized, species-specific approach for the induction of hardening responses. Regression analyses of survival variation were conducted in ordinary and phylogenetically informed approaches. Low-temperature pretreatments significantly improved LLT90 in all species tested except for D. pseudoobscura, D. mojavensis and D. borealis. High-temperature pretreatment only significantly increased ULT90 in D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis. LLT90 was negatively correlated with low-temperature plasticity even after phylogeny was accounted for. No correlations were found between ULT90 and LLT90 or between ULT90 and rapid heat-hardening (RHH) in ordinary regression approaches. However, after phylogenetic adjustment, there was a positive correlation between ULT90 and RHH. These results suggest a trade-off between basal low-temperature tolerance and acute low-temperature plasticity, but at high temperatures, increased basal tolerance was accompanied by increased plasticity. Furthermore, high-and low-temperature tolerances and their plasticity are clearly decoupled. These results are of broad significance to understanding how organisms respond to changes in habitat temperature and the degree to which they can adjust thermal sensitivity.
Keywords
cold tolerance, heat shock, Phenotypic plasticity, phylogenetic constraint, rapid cold hardening, thermotolerance
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