Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission With In Utero Dolutegravir vs. Efavirenz in Botswana.
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Author list: Davey S, Ajibola G, Maswabi K, Sakoi M, Bennett K, Hughes MD, Isaacson A, Diseko M, Zash R, Batlang O, Moyo S, Lockman S, Lichterfeld M, Kuritzkes DR, Makhema J, Shapiro R
Publisher: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Publication year: 2020
Journal: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1525-4135)
Journal acronym: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
Volume number: 84
Issue number: 3
Start page: 235
End page: 241
Number of pages: 7
ISSN: 1525-4135
eISSN: 1944-7884
Languages: English-Great Britain (EN-GB)
Abstract
BACKGROUND\nSETTING\nMETHODS\nRESULTS\nCONCLUSION\nA large-scale evaluation of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) with dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) has not been conducted previously.\nBotswana was the first African country to change from efavirenz (EFV)/tenofovir (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC) to DTG/TDF/FTC first-line ART.\nFrom April 2015 to July 2018, the Early Infant Treatment Study offered HIV DNA testing at <96 hours of life. Maternal ART regimen was available for screened infants who could be linked to the separate Tsepamo surveillance study database. We evaluated characteristics of HIV-positive infants, and compared MTCT rates by ART regimen for linked infants.\nOf 10,622 HIV-exposed infants screened, 42 (0.40%) were HIV-positive. In total, 5064 screened infants could be linked to the surveillance database, including 1235 (24.4%) exposed to DTG/TDF/FTC and 2411 (47.6%) exposed to EFV/TDF/FTC. MTCT was rare when either regimen was started before conception: 0/213 [0.00%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.00% to 1.72%] on DTG, 1/1497 (0.07%, 95% CI: 0.00% to 0.37%) on EFV. MTCT was similar for women starting each ART regimen in pregnancy: 8/999 (0.80%, 95% CI: 0.35% to 1.57%) for DTG and 8/883 (0.91%, 95% CI: 0.39% to 1.78%) for EFV (risk difference 0.11%, 95% CI: -0.79% to 1.06%). Most MTCT events (4/8 with DTG, 6/9 with EFV) occurred when ART was started <90 days before delivery. Infants exposed to DTG in utero had lower baseline HIV RNA compared with other HIV-infected infants.\nIn utero MTCT in Botswana remains rare in the DTG era. No significant MTCT differences were observed between DTG/TDF/FTC and EFV/TDF/FTC. Risk was highest for both groups when ART was started in the third trimester.
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