Mapping of HIV-1C Transmission Networks Reveals Extensive Spread of Viral Lineages Across Villages in Botswana Treatment-as-Prevention Trial.

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Author list: Novitsky V, Zahralban-Steele M, Moyo S, Nkhisang T, Maruapula D, McLane MF, Leidner J, Bennett K, PANGEA Consortium
, Wirth KE, Gaolathe T, Kadima E, Chakalisa U, Pretorius Holme M, Lockman S, Mmalane M, Makhema J, Gaseitsiwe S, DeGruttola V, Essex M

Publisher: University of Chicago Press / Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B - Oxford Open Option C

Publication year: 2020

Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases (0022-1899)

Journal acronym: J Infect Dis

Volume number: 222

Issue number: 10

Start page: 1670

End page: 1680

Number of pages: 11

ISSN: 0022-1899

eISSN: 1537-6613

Languages: English-Great Britain (EN-GB)

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Abstract

BACKGROUND\nMETHODS\nRESULTS\nCONCLUSIONS\nPhylogenetic mapping of HIV-1 lineages circulating across defined geographical locations is promising for better understanding HIV transmission networks to design optimal prevention interventions.\nWe obtained near full-length HIV-1 genome sequences from people living with HIV (PLWH), including participants on antiretroviral treatment in the Botswana Combination Prevention Project, conducted in 30 Botswana communities in 2013-2018. Phylogenetic relationships among viral sequences were estimated by maximum likelihood.\nWe obtained 6078 near full-length HIV-1C genome sequences from 6075 PLWH. We identified 984 phylogenetically distinct HIV-1 lineages (molecular HIV clusters) circulating in Botswana by mid-2018, with 2-27 members per cluster. Of these, dyads accounted for 62%, approximately 32% (n = 316) were found in single communities, and 68% (n = 668) were spread across multiple communities. Men in clusters were approximately 3 years older than women (median age 42 years, vs 39 years; P < .0001). In 65% of clusters, men were older than women, while in 35% of clusters women were older than men. The majority of identified viral lineages were spread across multiple communities.\nA large number of circulating phylogenetically distinct HIV-1C lineages (molecular HIV clusters) suggests highly diversified HIV transmission networks across Botswana communities by 2018.

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