Highly active antiretroviral therapy and adverse birth outcomes among HIV-infected women in Botswana.
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Author list: Chen JY, Ribaudo HJ, Souda S, Parekh N, Ogwu A, Lockman S, Powis K, Dryden-Peterson S, Creek T, Jimbo W, Madidimalo T, Makhema J, Essex M, Shapiro RL
Publisher: University of Chicago Press / Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B - Oxford Open Option C
Publication year: 2012
Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases (0022-1899)
Journal acronym: J Infect Dis
Volume number: 206
Issue number: 11
Start page: 1695
End page: 705
Number of pages: -989
ISSN: 0022-1899
eISSN: 1537-6613
Languages: English-Great Britain (EN-GB)
Abstract
BACKGROUND\nMETHODS\nRESULTS\nCONCLUSIONS\nIt is unknown whether adverse birth outcomes are associated with maternal highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in pregnancy, particularly in resource-limited settings.\nWe abstracted obstetrical records at 6 sites in Botswana for 24 months. Outcomes included stillbirths (SBs), preterm delivery (PTD), small for gestational age (SGA), and neonatal death (NND). Among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women, comparisons were limited to HAART exposure status at conception, and those with similar opportunities for outcomes. Comparisons were adjusted for CD4(+) lymphocyte cell count.\nOf 33,148 women, 32,113 (97%) were tested for HIV, of whom 9504 (30%) were HIV infected. Maternal HIV was significantly associated with SB, PTD, SGA, and NND. Compared with all other HIV-infected women, those continuing HAART from before pregnancy had higher odds of PTD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1, 1.4), SGA (AOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.6, 2.1) and SB (AOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2, 1.8). Among women initiating antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy, HAART use (vs zidovudine) was associated with higher odds of PTD (AOR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2, 1.8), SGA (AOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2, 1.9), and SB (AOR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.6, 3.9). Low CD4(+) was independently associated with SB and SGA, and maternal hypertension during pregnancy with PTD, SGA, and SB.\nHAART receipt during pregnancy was associated with increased PTD, SGA, and SB.
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